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- <text id=93CT1772>
- <title>
- Maldives--History
- </title>
- <history>
- Compact ALMANAC--CIA Factbook
- South Asia
- Maldives
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>CIA World Factbook</source>
- <hdr>
- History
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> The early history of the Maldives is obscure. According to
- Maldivian legend, a Sinhalese prince named Koimale was stranded
- with his bride, daughter of the king of Sri Lanka, in a
- Maldivian lagoon and stayed on to rule as the first sultan. The
- islands were governed as a sultanate from 1153 to 1968 with only
- two exceptions--15 years of Portuguese rule in the 16th
- century and a short-lived republican government in 1953.
- </p>
- <p> Over the centuries, the islands were visited and influenced
- by sailors from countries on the Arabian Sea and the Indian
- Ocean littorals. Mopla pirates from the Malabar Coast
- (present-day Kerala State in India) harassed the islands. In the
- 16th century, the islands were plagued by Portuguese raiders,
- who eventually were driven away by the warrior-patriot Muhammad
- Thakurufar Al-Azan. Although independent for most of its
- history, Maldives was ruled by Portugal from 1558 to 1573 and
- were a British protectorate from 1887 until July 26, 1965.
- </p>
- <p> On November 11, 1968, the sultanate was abolished, and the
- country assumed its present name. Ibrahim Nassir, prime
- minister under the sultanate, was president from 1968 to 1978.
- He was succeeded by Maumoon Abdul Gayoom, who was elected
- president in 1978, 1983, and 1988.
- </p>
- <p> A 1956 bilateral agreement gave the United Kingdom the use,
- for 20 years, of Gan (in Addu Atoll) in the far south as an air
- facility in return for British aid. The agreement ended in
- 1976, shortly after the British closed the Gan air station.
- </p>
- <p> In April 1987, high tides that swept over Maldives,
- destroying much of Male and nearby islands, prompted high-level
- Maldivian interest in global climactic changes, including the
- "greenhouse effect."
- </p>
- <p> On November 3, 1988, Maldives was rocked when Sri Lankan
- Tamil mercenaries attempted to overthrow the government. At
- President Gayoom's request, the Indian military suppressed the
- coup attempt within 24 hours. In early 1989, 68 mercenaries and
- 6 Maldivians implicated in the attempt were tried.
- </p>
- <p>Current Political Conditions
- </p>
- <p> A 1968 referendum approved the work of a special parliament,
- and Maldives became a republic with executive, legislative, and
- judicial branches of government. The constitution was amended
- in 1970, 1972, and 1975, and has been under revision since 1981.
- </p>
- <p> The president presides over the executive branch and
- appoints the cabinet. Nominated to a 5-year term by a secret
- ballot of the Majlis (parliament), the president must be
- confirmed by a national referendum.
- </p>
- <p> The unicameral Majlis is composed of 48 members serving
- 5-year terms. Two members from each atoll and Male are elected
- directly by universal suffrage. Eight are appointed by the
- president. A Majlis member can be elected in the middle of a
- session and complete the 5-year term in the following session.
- </p>
- <p> The Maldivian legal system, derived mainly from traditional
- Islamic law, is administered by secular officials, a chief
- justice, and lesser judges on each of the 19 atolls, who are
- appointed by the president and function under the Ministry of
- Justice. There is also an attorney general.
- </p>
- <p> Each inhabited island within an atoll has a chief who is
- responsible for law and order. Every atoll is administered by
- an atoll chief, appointed by the president, who functions as a
- district officer in the British South Asian tradition.
- </p>
- <p> Maldives has no organized political parties. Candidates for
- elective office run as independents on the basis of personal
- qualifications.
- </p>
- <p>Source: U.S. Department of State, Bureau of Public Affairs,
- February 1990.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-